Determining the morphology of tornado-like vortices depending on thermal gradients: A numerical study

In this work, we study the role of horizontal temperature differences on top and bottom, their combined effect, relation to vertical difference in development traditional or reversed funnel-shaped vortices a rotating cylinder inhomogeneously cooled heated at bottom. These thermal inhomogeneities upper lower levels are observed formation atmospheric vortices. Our numerical results show that if inhomogeneity is stronger top, an axisymmetric tornado-like vortex with inner updraft warmer air developed. On contrary, levels, develops downdraft cooler air. When equal both it grade localization heating (at bottom) cooling top), which determines V-vortex inverted V-vortex, respectively. We perform force balance analysis give physical insight into phenomena. The evidence relevance conditions vortical structures developed, they may contribute understanding morphology vortices, such as tornadoes cold funnels.